Paradichlorobenzene......
Very interesting information here this comes from a website just dealing with "mothballs"...in short it says it causes cancer in rats but not humans ???Even after INGESTING the stuff ?? Hmmmmmmm
My opinion is if you believe this,then you will belive that GMO's are good for you too.Sorry for the long read,but as I said very interesting.
•Workers at a manufacturing plant were exposed to up to 550 ppm of paradichlorobenzene in the course of their work. Workers were exposed eight hours a day, five days a week, for employment durations ranging from eight months to 25 years. No hematological effects or eye damage such as cataracts were noted during medical examinations.5 See the text box on Exposure.
•A 32-year-old woman reported consuming at least one paradichlorobenzene mothball per day for two years. Signs included dementia, difficulty speaking, ataxia (lack of coordination), hyperreflexia, distal limb weakness, and skin scaling. Blood plasma contained 34 μg/ml paradichlorobenzene.23
•Twin girls aged 18 years were hospitalized after sniffing paradichlorobenzene mothballs daily for 5-10 minutes per day for a few weeks in the case of one twin and 4-6 months in the other. Signs included intracranial hyptertension, unsteady gait, urinary retention, and neurological symptoms. Total recovery occurred after three and six months, respectively
Animals
•The National Toxicology Program concluded that there was "clear evidence of carcinogenicity" in male rats and both male and female B6C3F1 mice following gavage exposure to paradichlorobenzene.26
•Paradichlorobenzene appears to induce liver tumors through stimulation of precancerous lesions, via a mitogenic mode of action. Researchers concluded that paradichlorobenzene does not appear to be DNA reactive, genotoxic, or mutagenic.27
•Paradichlorobenzene's carcinogenic potential may result from inhibition of cell apoptosis. It does not appear to result from a genotoxic mechanism.28
•Researchers exposed groups of 50 male rats, 50 female rats, 50 male mice and 50 female mice per dose to paradichlorobenzene via inhalation exposure for six hours a day, five days a week, for two years. Treatment concentrations were 20, 75, or 300 ppm. Increased rates of liver cancers were noted in both sexes of mice exposed to 300 ppm paradichlorobenzene. No increased rates of tumor formation were noted in any of the rat treatment groups. Nasal lesions were considered the most sensitive endpoint following exposure.29
•In a two-year study conducted by the National Toxicology Program, mice were dosed with 300 or 600 mg/kg paradichlorobenzene by gavage five days a week for 103 weeks. Treated mice of both sexes developed non-neoplastic liver lesions and kidney abnormalities at greater rates than control mice. Liver cancers (hepatocellular neoplasms) increased in a dosedependent manner in both sexes of exposed mice.26
•F344/N rats were dosed with 150 or 300 mg/kg paradichlorobenzene by gavage five days a week for 103 weeks as part of the National Toxicology Program's assessment. Male rats developed kidney cancers (renal tubular cell adenocarcinomas) at dose-dependent rates. No such renal neoplasms were seen in female rats.26 Adult male rats form the protein á2u-globulin, which appears to have a major role in onset of nephropathy.30
Humans
•The Health Effects Division (HED) Cancer Assessment Review Committee (CARC) of the U.S. EPA has classified paradichlorobenzene as not likely to be carcinogenic to humans.1 See the text box on Cancer.
Cancer: Government agencies in the United States and abroad have developed programs to evaluate the potential for a chemical to cause cancer. Testing guidelines and classification systems vary. To learn more about the meaning of various cancer classification descriptors listed in this fact sheet, please visit the appropriate reference, or call NPIC.
•The International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) of the World Health Organization concluded that paradichlorobenzene is possibly carcinogenic to humans, classifying it into Group 2B. The conclusion was based on greater incidences of liver tumors in exposed mice, and a suggested mechanism of carcinogenicity that could plausibly occur in humans.31
Animals
•The National Toxicology Program concluded that there was "clear evidence of carcinogenicity" in male rats and both male and female B6C3F1 mice following gavage exposure to paradichlorobenzene.26
•Paradichlorobenzene appears to induce liver tumors through stimulation of precancerous lesions, via a mitogenic mode of action. Researchers concluded that paradichlorobenzene does not appear to be DNA reactive, genotoxic, or mutagenic.27
•Paradichlorobenzene's carcinogenic potential may result from inhibition of cell apoptosis. It does not appear to result from a genotoxic mechanism.28
•Researchers exposed groups of 50 male rats, 50 female rats, 50 male mice and 50 female mice per dose to paradichlorobenzene via inhalation exposure for six hours a day, five days a week, for two years. Treatment concentrations were 20, 75, or 300 ppm. Increased rates of liver cancers were noted in both sexes of mice.
•F344/N rats were dosed with 150 or 300 mg/kg paradichlorobenzene by gavage five days a week for 103 weeks as part of the National Toxicology Program's assessment. Male rats developed kidney cancers (renal tubular cell adenocarcinomas) at dose-dependent rates. No such renal neoplasms were seen in female rats.26 Adult male rats form the protein á2u-globulin, which appears to have a major role in onset of nephropathy.30
Humans
Cancer
•The Health Effects Division (HED) Cancer Assessment Review Committee (CARC) of the U.S. EPA has classified paradichlorobenzene as not likely to be carcinogenic to humans.1 See the text box on Cancer.